Isolated frog heart perfusion technique

The method was developed on the basis of the isolated perfused frog heart established by Nov 16, 2017 · Effect of drug’s on frog’s heart perfusion Object: To study the effect of various drugs on isolated perfused frog’s heart Apparatus: Kymograph, frog board, dissection set, perfusion apparatus (Mariotte bottle, rubber tubing and a venous cannula), iron stand, clamps, universal lever, thread, pins, tuberculin syringe, pithing needle, frog The isolated perfused mammalian heart The isolated frog heart preparation originally devised by Cyon and modified by the scientists mentioned above was the basis for the development of the isolated mammalian heart preparation. [7] Frog Ventricular Muscle Suitable for Use in Measuring Rapid Metabolic Changes during the Contractile Cycle By GARY BROOKER The isolated perfused frog heart ventricle strip preparation enables the study Austin Community College District | Start Here. He used dis-tilled water and added sodium ions. The frogs were paralyzed by the pitting method, pinned to a frog dissecting board and opened up. Outcomes. Rat heartmounted in the Langendorff system. ) was studied by using isolated frog heart perfusion technique (IFHP). 14, CaCl 2 0. e. Dynamic perfusion scanning was performed with a second-generation dual source CT scanner. The isolated heart, perfused at constant pressure, was spontaneously beating and able to generate physiological values of output pressure, cardiac output, ventricle work and power. Jan 1, 2009 · The isolated perfused frog heart preparation was first developed at the Physiological Institute, University of Leipzig, under the direction of Carl Ludwig. as a model to ev aluate the activity of various . Jun 1, 2011 · Introduction. We chose to use a rectangular sheet of tissue because this is a simplified As the name implies, this technique allows the heart to perform its physiological pumping action, i. ) for Mar 31, 2019 · The document summarizes a pharmacology experiment to study the effect of various drugs on an isolated, perfused frog heart. Mol Cell Cardiol 50:940–950. Expand. 3) Drugs like acetylcholine, adrenaline Mar 15, 2015 · Since the introduction of the isolated frog heart model, numerous improv ements and modifications the Langendorff technique of isolated heart perfusion. During the perfusion protocol, the heart would normally be immersed in an organ bath—not shown here for photographic purposes. 0. Perfusion techniques. Trace the inferior vena cava, put a thread around it, and give a small This preparation responds regularly by inotropic changes, whereas chronotropic actions are less constant, due to the absence of or poor perfusion of the pace-maker tissues. Because the frog heart relies on superfu-sion for oxygenation, one may choose almost any de-sired shape for the tissue without worrying about perfusion limitations and tissue viability, as would be the case with mammalian hearts. Brief history and rationale. Observations made using both methods at the end of the 19th and at the a simple modification of the Langendorff technique, in which ventricular cardiomyocytes can be isolated and large sections of myocardium dissected from the same heart. Another model used to elucidate the detrimental effects of myocardial ischemia on ventricular function is the isolated perfused heart preparation. 1 gives the composition of the original Isolated frog’s heart preparation: Frog was pitched following a routine technique, abdomen and thorax were exposed and pericardium was removed. Sep 1, 2008 · Using the isolated working frog heart as a model, we report dynamic ventricle external volume measurements by a visible light image system. Firmly tie the aorta vessel onto the needle using the suture (Fig. Perfusion was performed at 22, 27, 32, and 37°C, and calcium deprivation lasted 10, 20, 30, or 40 min. Objective: To test the feasibility of a CT-compatible, ex vivo, perfused porcine heart model for myocardial perfusion CT imaging. The dose-dependent stimulatory effects of isoprenaline (Iso, 0. However, mean percentage fall In 1866, Carl Ludwig together with Elias Cyon created the first isolated perfused frog heart preparation. 1-50 Jan 16, 2017 · Langendorff’s technique, Isolated perfused heart, Retrograde perfusion, Ischemia-reperfusion injury, Mammalian heart Abstract The Langendorff’s isolated perfused small mammalian heart represents the optimal compromise in the conflict between the quantity and quality of data that can be acquired from an experimental model versus its clinical Feb 1, 1993 · We conclude that the tissue structure of the frog heart may contribute to disparity in mechanical behavior at the different structural levels. (frog heart) an"OH'paradox" similar to the"K'paradox"is seen. The knot was tightened and the mechanism. His approach was a modification of an existing isolated frog heart model and utilized retrograde perfusion of the aortic root via continuous hydrostatic pressure to perfuse the coronary circulation and myocardium . ADInstruments' solutions support your use of the Langendorff animal heart perfusion technique to perfuse all sizes of heart models, from mice, rats, and guinea pigs, to porcine hearts. Syme’s cannula was introduces in to the sinus venosus after making a v-shape slit. Observations made using both methods at the end of the 19th and at May 8, 2024 · The isolated perfused heart technique provides an opportunity to deliver interventions to the heart during perfusion to optimize the heart for transplantation. The aim of this study was to develop an explanted, perfused porcine heart model in a CT environment. Oskar Langendorff first established the isolated-perfused mammalian heart preparation in 1895 [1]. 75/minute (i. It was used to perfuse hearts from many warm-blooded animal species with a coronary vascular system and was subsequently subjected to various modifications (Doring & Dehnert, 1987; Zimmer, 2000). The method was developed on the basis of the isolated perfused frog heart established by Elias Cyon at the Carl Ludwig Institute of Physiology in Leipzig, Germany in 1866. Every heart could be activated by a stretch 3. 9. In the summer they found an almost linear relation between temperature and frequency of pulsation from 5 to 20° C. The inferior venacava was traced and frog ringer solution was perfused into heart. The standard Langendorff perfused isolated heart is based on the retrograde perfusion of the heart via the aorta and the resultant antegrade coronary perfusion Jan 1, 1975 · With the minimum coronary flow assembly, it was pos- sible to select various rates of coronary flow in either of the perfusion techniques. The crude extract was subjected to repeated fractionation to isolate four (4) compounds. J . Ischemia time can vary depending on the goals of the experiment. Methods: One porcine heart was perfused according to Langendorff. 7% (n= 8; mean ± SD). The proton-gated current was investigated in whole-cell configuration of the neurons isolated from bullfrog heart parasympathetic ganglia with the use of the "concentration-clamp" technique, which combines intracellular perfusion and extremely rapid exchange of external solution within 1-2 ms, under a single-electrode voltage-clamp condition. The basic composition of the frog ringer solution in mill moles: NaCl-110; KCl- 234 STUDIES ON FROG'S HEART WITH MODIFIED RINGER OBSERVATION AND RESULT Some of the typical responses obtained on perfusion of the heart with the entire series of the solutions A, B, C and D are presented in the accompanying graphs. The quantity and components of the bile produced can be analyzed Fig. Carter (1933) investigated the effects of various 2. In its working mode, the isolated heart perfusion experiments, highlighting Cyon pioneered the technique for isolating the frog heart and studied the effects of temperature changes on its function. Hence, as compared to standard, test drug showed wide therapeutic index. The technique has been widely studied in animal and human for decades. A seasonal difference in the temperature-pulse rate curve of the isolated frog’s heart was described by Barcroft & Izquierdo (1931). 1 The preparation used was a working heart with serum pumped through an artificial circulation system. 5a). 2,5,6 METHOD OF LANGENDORFF’S ISOLATED HEART TECHNIQUE USING RAT AS A ANIMAL --MODEL The basic principle of Langendorff’s isolated heart perfusion still remains the same, and the His technique of isolated mammalian heart perfusion thus became widely known as the Langendorff perfused heart. This preparation was subsequently subjected to various modi … Jun 1, 2011 · Fig. The method was developed on the basis of the isolated perfused frog heart established by Elias Cyon The effect of perfusion temperature and duration of calcium deprivation on the occurrence of the calcium paradox was studied in the isolated frog heart. 5%-0. 2 mg. Hoffman ci al. May 1, 1994 · The perfusion of the heart with salines containing different amounts of oxygen gave some indications on frog isolated heart oxygen requirement. Unfortunately, the small size and fragility of the mouse heart pose significant challenges, limiting application of the Langendorff model to Jul 27, 2015 · Administration of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. 1-100 microM) and forskolin (Fo. In its working mode, the isolated perfused rat heart was established in the 1960s. 1. This provides retrograde perfusion through the aorta which closes the aortic leaflets, allowing the perfusate to supply nutrients and oxygen to cardiomyocytes through the coronary circulation. Calcium currents (ICa) were measured in single cells isolated from frog ventricle using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and a perfused pipette. Jan 8, 2021 · Basic Methods of the Langendorff Heart . Use peristaltic pump to perform perfusion at a constant flow rate. Parameters measured are heart rate, rhythm, force of Carl Ludwig was the first physiologist to systematically study isolated organs (heart, muscle, kidney, liver, lung). Apr 22, 2013 · Populations of ARVMs isolated using the modified Langendorff method showed comparable viability (percentage of rod-shaped quiescent cells) to those isolated in the intact heart Langendorff system. Perfusion flow. Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of mortality which contribute to about 57 million deaths as The cardiotonic effect of aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extracts of the three plants was studied by using isolated frog heart perfusion technique (IFHP). 5, KCl 0. 2. The method was established in 1897 by Oscar Langendorff (Langendorff, 1898; Taegtmeyer, 1995; Zimmer, 1998; Zimmer, 2000). Liver preservation systems allow for a method to collect and sample the bile produced by the liver during perfusion. Ringer solution without calcium was used as a vehicle for administration of aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extracts as test and digoxin as standard. Sep 21, 2018 · Lung preservation systems include a method to adjust the gaseous contents of the perfusate in order to analyze the ability of the lungs to oxygenate blood [ 51 ]. Pith the frog and pin it to the frog board. The mean DGN perfusion time (sec) and mean DGN exposure (microgram/10 mg heart wt. We provide examples of six experiments that can be undertaken. Key words: Digoxin, isolated frog heart perfusion technique, therapeutic index, Vitex negundo Linn May 8, 2018 · O. The effect of perfusion temperature and duration of calcium deprivation on the occurrence of the calcium paradox was studied in the isolated frog heart. Thecannulated heart was suspended in a 70 mlbath of glucose-free, frog Ringer's solution so that the perfusion head was 15 cm. 5. Proper perfusion through the coronary arteries will help digestion of the right ventricle. 1 have shown that the isolated frog’s heart is free of active chromaffin tissue. The effectiveness of this regional technique and the absence of any good systemic therapy made hyperthermic-isolated limb perfusion (HILP) the main treatment for patients with regionally advanced melanoma. , while in the winter the relation was exponential over the same temperature range. Isolated organ perfusion technique, nevertheless, is averagely conducted in vivo without leaving the organ alone as a whole out of the body. Perfusion was performe … May 26, 2006 · The isolated perfused mammalian heart preparation was established in 1897 by Oscar Langendorff. Dec 1, 1999 · Because stretch-induced activation may be important in generating clinically relevant arrhythmias in the heart, we delineated the ability of different types of stretches to activate ventricular tissue. 75% sodium chloride) for perfusion of the isolated frog heart. The replacement of an oxygen almost saturated saline (99. Elias Cyon, from that institute, published the first description of the technique in 1866. A simple and inexpensive method of monitoring the movement of an isolated frog heart provides comparable results to those obtained with a force transducer. 27/ minute) and percentage fall in heart rate compared to normal is also ranged from 0-42%. marsupium on isolated frog heart perfusion. 5 ± 4. Before the implementation, the perfusion system will be selected and the process can be similar to organ bath. Osama Al-Zahrani. Jul 7, 2012 · Since TPE imaging of the heart relies on the use of E-C contraction uncouplers to minimize motion artifacts, the SHG technique could in principle readily be applied to the isolated perfused immobilized heart to visualize cardiac sarcomeres, in situ. Ringer solution was used as a vehicle for The powdered was extracted using cold maceration with 100% methanol for 72 hours. The isolated perfused mammalian heart preparation was established in 1897 by Oscar Langendorff. set up Conc. All the perfusion techniques that have been employed in published experiments using isolated perfused mouse kidneys so far are based on the methods used for kidneys from other mammals. According to some historians, Ringer’s laboratory assistant, Fielder, was on leave; therefore, Ringer had to prepare his physiologic solution (0. Expt. Observations made using both methods at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century led to important discoveries, forming the basis for our understanding of Connect the cannula to a syringe containing oxygenated perfusion solution. Geometrically simple sheets of frog (Rana catesbeiana) ventricular tissue were mounted to allow stretches to be applied perpendicular to one edge. The bath was ABSTRACT. The technique was validated by measuring ventricular volumes during the cardiac cycle in relation to dynamic changes induced by well-known mechanical (preload and afterload challenges) and chemical (ACh technique, using as the perfusion cannula a J-shaped glass tube, with the heart attached to the shorter arm. They found that the atropinized frog’s heart does not respond to The most common basic salt solution now used in kidney perfusion is the Krebs-Henseleit type. Remove the pectoral girdle and expose the heart. The experiment aims to observe how drugs influence the heart's rate and force of contraction. From the origins of isolated perfused heart preparations derived from the pioneering work by Carl Ludwig and his co-workers in the late 19th century through the development of the isolated frog heart by Elias Cyon in 1866 [1] to the later inception of retrograde mammalian heart perfusion by Oscar Langendorff in 1895 [2] (for more complete summaries of the historical development Mar 15, 2015 · Isolated heart model is a relevant tool for cardiovascular system studies. This results in a perfusate system (like whole blood perfusion) that is able to maintain physiological osmolality as well as oncotic pressure. A proper tension was adjusted by altering the height of the lever. His semi- Digoxin (DGN) and aminophylline (theophylline ethylenediamine, APH) being frequently prescribed cardioactive drugs, the present study investigated the effect of APH (10 (-4) M) preperfusion on DGN-cardiotoxicity employing the isolated frog heart preparation. Start the aortic pump at the desired speed. Keywords: Digoxin, isolated frog heart perfusion technique, therapeutic index, Moringa oleifera. This phenomenon spurred the development of perfusion media composed of towards the heart. The bathing solution was continuously mixed by a stream of oxygen. A steady flow of the perfusion Frog-Ringer solution containing oxygenated, fluid of the following composition: NaCl 6. The technique was described in detail in a recent Video Article . Therefore, it provides a complete analysis of heart function and can be used to study cardiac metabolism, long-term pathology or ischemia-reperfusion. Isolated frog heart perfusion technique The frog of species Rana tigrina was pithed and the heart was exposed. The Langendorff-perfused model is a powerful tool to study biological responses in the isolated heart in the absence of confounders. 5% COZ equilibrated) with an air equilibrated one (- 20% oxygen) had no significant effect on the considered parameters. The invention discloses a kind of isolated frog heart perfusion experiment instructional devices, including liquid storage tank, arterial cannulation head and fixed link, a side pipe is arranged in the apical lateral of the liquid storage tank, one end of bar is plugged and fixed in the side pipe, the lower end of the liquid storage tank is plugged into arterial cannulation head, and a side To begin ex-situ perfusion, take an isolated porcine heart. 4. Circulatory parameters like blood flow, aortic pressure, and The method was developed on the basis of the isolated perfused frog heart established by Elias Cyon at the Carl Ludwig Institute of Physiology in Leipzig, Germany in 1866. This Dec 14, 2022 · The procedure of effect of drugs on isolated frog heart. This approach significantly expands the range of data that can be gathered from one experimental animal. The isolated frog heart perfusion technique was used as a model to evaluate the activity of various concentrations of aqueous extract of heartwood of P. The heart was suspended by the heart clip. Finally we present a Jan 1, 2011 · The isolated perfused mammalian heart preparation was established in 1897 by Oscar Langendorff. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the Langendorff method of isolated heart perfusion in the contemporary environment, the various applications of the technique, where problems are likely to It includes the study of the effect of single gene alteration on heart physiology, to novel therapeutic means to protect the heart from ischemia and other insults. temporaria Frogs weighing between 100 to 140 g were used for this study. A commercially available photoresistor is integrated into a Wheatstone bridge circuit, and the output signal is interfaced directly with a recording device. Hearts that are subjected to erythrocyte perfusion tend to maintain that bears his name and that is often used for perfusion of iso-lated heart preparations. A Series (Glucose Ringer) ;-It was observed that solutions A2 and AJ gave Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Figure key: (a) thermal couple for continual temperature monitoring; (b) intraventricular balloon inserted in the left ventricle and mounted on a 21-gauge non-bevelled needle; (c) a micromanipulator which helps placing and 2. Perfusion systems for the isolated mammalian heart were developed by H. it performs pressure/volume work. The cardiovascular activities of the crude extract and its isolated compounds were investigated using isolated heart perfusion technique on Rana temporaria (frog) heart. Therefore, an ex vivo model of a perfused, isolated heart of a slaughterhouse pig was used for this systematic analysis. The procedures are divided, for teaching purpose, in three phases (surgical procedure, perfusion time, reconstructive phase). Inject the perfusion solution into the heart. In 1866, Carl Ludwig together with Elias Cyon created the first isolated perfused frog heart preparation. 1. of extract/Digoxin (mg/ml) 1. Open the thorax of the frog with a central incision and two aps, which 6 14. marsupium and compared with Table 1⎯Effects of the aqueous extracts from heartwood of P. Oskar Langendorff first established the isolated-perfused mammalian heart preparation in 1895 . Mar 1, 2007 · Abstract. Loss of electrical and mechanical activity, ion fluxes, creatine kinase and protein release were used to define cell damage. 2,5,6 METHOD OF LANGENDORFF’S ISOLATED HEART TECHNIQUE USING RAT AS A ANIMAL --MODEL The basic principle of Langendorff’s isolated heart perfusion still remains the same, and the Mar 1, 2007 · Abstract. Carefully remove the pericardium and put a few drops of frog ringer over the heart. At 22°C and Jun 21, 2015 · Before quantitative CT perfusion imaging can be implemented in clinical practice, systematic validation is mandatory. The collective data regarding both synchronous and recurrent metastatic melanoma involving the regional skin and subcutaneous tissues (satellite and intransit metastases) is clear; these patterns of metastases Isolated Perfused Heart Preparations. In this technique, the beating heart is rapidly excised and hung by the aorta on a perfusion system. Methods Feb 1, 2013 · Th e isolated frog heart perfusion technique was used . 3. Erythrocyte perfusion uses a mix of bovine sources for red blood cells and albumin, in addition to a crystalline buffer such as KHB. May 18, 2022 · Isolated heart perfusion techniques on A. As the heart rate ranges from 15-37 and mean heart rate 26. Ringer solution, a physiological Attempts to perfuse the mammalian kidney with freshly drawn whole blood have regularly failed, as discussed by Alphonse Nizet (186). A thread was passed behind the sinus venosus and a loose knot was applied. During ischaemia (3B), the snare is tightened around LAD and secured in place by 2 plastic pipette tips which are pushed one into the other as an interference fit, maintaining the snare's tension during ischaemia. This study evaluated the electrocardiograph effects of Abelmoschus esculentus and its isolated compounds on Rana temporaria (frog) heart. Once the heart is secured, slowly inject the 500 μl perfusion buffer into the heart through the syringe attached to wash the remaining blood from the heart and vessels. Plug the bottom of the heated chamber and allow chamber to fill with effused buffer. Obtain a pithed frog from the lab TA/Instructor and x the frog on its back using the big needles in the pan. It represents a highly reproducible model for studying broad spectrum of biochemical, physiological, morphological, and pharmaceutical parameters, including analysis of intrinsic heart mechanics, metabolism, and coronary vascular response. Get There. 0 in g / l. Massage the ventricles to remove air through the innominate and subclavian aortic branches and then ligate both arteries. This step allows the blood to leave the coronary arteries and effuse from the pulmonary veins. Results obtained in this model are under no influence of other organ systems Sep 8, 2020 · Brief history and rationale. In the small number of May 1, 1994 · 2. 1) The document describes an experiment using a Langendorff perfused heart setup to study the effects of various drugs on heart rate. When buffer has submerged heart, turn stopcock to stop the flow of buffer into the heart, inducing global ischemia. Table 4. The viability of previous ARVM isolations from the intact heart system was found to be 63. In stabilisation (3A) the suture is put in place around the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and formed tomake a snare. esculentus extracts and isolated compounds on R. In his Leipzig Physiological Institute, the isolated perfused frog heart preparation was established in 1866 by Elias Cyon. In conjunction with our complete Langendorff perfusion systems shown below, any device with an analog output (+/- 10V) can be connected to a PowerLab data May 1, 2013 · The cardiotonic activity of aqueous extract of fruit peel Lagenaria Scieraria (Mol. 2) The experiment aims to distinguish between cholinergic and adrenergic modifiers of heart rate and identify agonist and antagonist drug effects. Next, connect the cannulated heart to the Langendorff apparatus. The frogs were paralyzed by the It includes the study of the effect of single gene alteration on heart physiology, to novel therapeutic means to protect the heart from ischemia and other insults. The Langendorff working heart apparatus described below allows for easy adjustment and tight regulation of perfusion pressures, meaning the same set-up can be used for various species or heart sizes, and can also seamlessly switch between constant pressure or constant flow during reperfusion, depending on the user’s preferences. Give a mid-line incision on the abdomen. An in vitro preparation of the intact heart of the frog Rana esculenta was set up. Attach the aorta to a cannula connected to a reservoir via an aortic pump. 01, Glucose 2. Isolated heart perfusion techniques on A. 12, and NaHCO 3 0. A Langendorff-perfused mouse heart. . Jan 1, 2020 · *Method details. The model has been adapted recently to enable study of the isolated mouse heart and the effects of genetic manipulation. His approach was a modification of an existing isolated frog heart model and utilized retrograde perfusion of the aortic root via continuous hydrostatic pressure to perfuse the coronary circulation and myocardium [1]. Other formulations (Tyrode or Ringer solution and their variants) are solely of historical interest in this context; in particular, phosphate buffer has been entirely replaced by bicarbonate buffers, which require continuous input of 5-6% CO2 to work. It showed the typical phenomenon of the "hypodynamic state" after a perfusion remains at the forefront as a tool in dissecting the mechanisms of myocardial physiology and cellular signalling. In the second part of this study, we subjected isolated frog cardiomyocytes to four different loading paradigms to test the hypothesis that myocardial relaxation in the frog is independent of load. HILP involves open surgical dissection and cannulation of the peripheral vessels and is associated with moderate morbidity rates. A steady flow of the perfusion Frog-Ringer solution was perfused through this cannula and there was an opening In this overview we describe surgical procedures and hypertermic-isolated limb perfusion technique for the treatment of in transit metastases from melanoma and sarcoma of the limbs. 2, NaH 2 PO 4 0. Furosemide (17 to 272 μg), in the isolated frog heart, produced dose dependent Oct 1, 2018 · In the present study, we examined the functional changes using conventional transthoracic echocardiography (in vivo) and isolated heart perfusion techniques (ex vivo), in hearts from two mouse models; one with an overt type 2 diabetes (the db/db mouse) and one with a prediabetic state, where obesity was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD Figure 5: Dissection of the frog showing the open skin aps, the removal of the sternum and, underneath, the exposed heart inside the pericardial sack. Efforts to do so result in immediate vasoconstriction – even when the blood is drawn with extreme care, and regardless of whether defibrinated (103) or heparinized (46) blood is used. Jun 1, 2011 · The aim of this manuscript is to describe the Langendorff method of isolated heart perfusion in the contemporary environment, the various applications of the technique, where problems are likely to arise and how to optimise the preparation to obtain reproducible and accurate data. Ex vivo heart perfusion (EVHP) provides a means of constantly supplying oxygen and nutrients to beating donor hearts while removing metabolic waste products from the myocardium. We also briefly analyze the rationale of limb perfusion procedure. The test extract had not produced cardiac arrest even at a dose of 2 mg, a higher concentration as compared to standard, digoxin that showed cardiac arrest at dose of 0. Key apparatus include a kymograph, frog board, and perfusion system. Newell Martin in 1883 and by Oscar Langendorff in 1895. Ringer solution, a physiological Further studies on perfusion of isolated frog's heart with modified Ringer solutions (glucose-Ringer, maltose-Ringer and lactose-Ringer) Indian J Physiol Pharmacol . It showed the typical phenomenon of the “hypodynamic state” after a relatively constant time from the onset of the perfusion. 3. 1964 Oct;8(4):232-6. Thestimulatingeffect of adrenaline is enhancedin low Ca" con- centration and H' excess; acetylcholine has a reduced inhibitory effect in lowK' concentration andOH'excess. Isolated chemotherapeutic perfusion for extremity melanomas has experienced a resurgence of interest, marked by an increased number of reports showing significant therapeutic efficacy. An excised, beating frog heart is placed in a Petri dish and over the photoresistor Mar 1, 2007 · An isolated mouse heart perfusion system that allows simultaneous recording of electrical and mechanical function on a beat-to-beat scale and can be used to study electro-mechanical interaction in isolated mouse hearts is developed. After perfusion with Ringer pH9-5 (rabbit heart) andpH9. zt pw nm uj ou qv oz oq zx zs