java In this tutorial, you will learn about using SQLite, an extremely light-weight relational database management system (RDBMS) in R. There is actually a dedicated mode for importing tab separated files: sqlite> . show. So in my case, I can open the Terminal on my Mac and enter the following command: sqlite3 Pets. xlsx sample_data_multi. Normally it takes 20 minutes using below code. import data. Few lines of code. 4): $ echo '. sql文件的目录。. Csv E If you want to create a database just name it when you run sqlite3 from the command line: $ sqlite3 db_name. ) Jul 18, 2021 · con. sqlite3. SQL file has changed, or if the target database does not exist. Oct 19, 2014 · If the CSV file must be imported as part of a python program, then for simplicity and efficiency, you could use os. sqlite file * [INFO] sqlitebiter file: convert 'sample_data. _id, name, dt1, dt2, dt3. To make the code more understandable, comments are added. In this syntax: First, specify the name of the table that you want to create after the CREATE TABLE keywords. 3. For step 1 I used: $ head -1 one. dump command. csv countries This gives the following error: Error: cannot open "countries. Feb 12, 2024 · In this tutorial, we’ll explore how to efficiently convert an SQLite database to a CSV file and vice versa using Python. csv: Sample CSV file product_dbase. It works with Windows , macOS , and most versions of Linux and Unix . At a command prompt run sqlite3 <your_db_file_name> *It will be created as an empty file. The following commands specify the output of Aug 11, 2023 · With this script, you’re reading and parsing the CSV data using `pandas`, and creating model instances to load the data into your Django database. Click green add button at top to add your row data. . sqlite> . in Java, reference a file location etc and set up some code that would read it into ContentValues. This page provides instructions on how to how to export SQLite database to a CSV file. csv file to a new table, my_table. Output: Apr 22, 2010 · try this -Import/Export CSV from SQLite from C# code. May 23, 2013 · 3. Additionally I need to check if a datarow I want to insert is already inserted. import table1. db is a database you get from public SQLiteDatabase getReadableDatabase in a SQLiteOpenHelper. //Write the name of the table and the name of the columns (comma separated values) in the . I guess, the first line of your CSV-File contains some Mar 17, 2018 · 0. mode csv. exit command exits from the CSV mode. By default, with . Download Donate . Feb 13, 2017 · The SQLite Database can also be created by Java, check this older post. I was told using Python to achieve this would be one of the simplest and most efficient ways to do this. Here we use sqlite3 command line tool on Ubuntu 16. Except Android and IOS, that use SQLLite, there are still webhostings, that use no more database engine Jan 20, 2015 · I am developing android app where SQlite as a database. We’ll import tidyverse to gain access to the read_csv() function. You can import data from a CSV file into an SQLite database. But if the table already exists, it assumes that all lines in the file contain data (although you can skip header line since version 3. the --skip 1 avoids the first row if you have headers in your csv. layout. xml file: <uses-permission android:name="android. java it should export the csv file. May be you can use several step algoritm: 1. Sep 5, 2020 · The second function, create_table, takes a schema definition and table and database name and adds the table to our database. csv’) Write the contents to a new table-. db < file. Have a look on bellow single line bash script: #!/bin/bash sqlite3 -separator "," -cmd ". 5. We’ll start with the basics — what is a database and how to create one; what are Aug 28, 2023 · The basic sqlite3 syntax for creating a new SQLite database is: sqlite3 database_name. dump command outputs the SQL statements on screen. Oct 24, 2021 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand maintained by community + CAP team. Here is an effective end-to-end process: 1. Jun 3, 2021 · To do this, open DB Browser and choose “New Database” then navigate to where you want your file to be stored, name it, and save it (be sure to choose “SQLite database files” as the file type). As well as overall being a "more direct" solution, this has the advantage of handling JSON NULL values more consistently than CSV, which will otherwise import them as empty strings. Apr 25, 2023 · Step 1: Importing Required Modules. Next, assuming we are in the directory with the CSV file (s), we’ll get the path of the current working directory. Would you do this 'programmatically' via Java code in Android Studio (i. The function to_sql () creates a new table from records of the dataframe. Once you’re in the correct directory, initiate SQLite3 with this command: sqlite3. The . CreateFile("MyDatabase. You have to use (or write) some different import tool. to_csv('cars. External program sqlite3. db’) Import csv using read_csv () Syntax: pandas. This for instance, could be a good starting point. Nov 7, 2017 · I have 3 million data in my CSV file. users = pd. Dec 26, 2020 · If the path is not specified then the new database is created in the current working directory. Apr 3, 2014 · I am using sqlite to create a Database with table which has to be just like the csv file along with the headers and data. These csv files are surveys that contain around 75 questions (rows) on them with answers from about 30 different people (columns). countries. Mar 18, 2016 · Here is a few of the files. When we open the Employee. How to import CSV into sqlite using There is a dedicated UI for importing DSV (CSV and TSV) files to the database. py from here and put it in the directory containing a csv file. csv file is located. MyActivity is my main. e. The first step is to create a table and design its schema for your database, including column names, data types, primary keys and foreign keys. We use Python's built-in `sqlite3` module to interact with the SQLite database. Step 5: Working with MainActivity. import countries. It is used by Firefox, Skype, and McAfee anti-virus. Mar 16, 2020 · Is exporting possible, sqlite3 to csv? Yeah, is it pretty simple operation, we can do this programatically through various method. 04. Andrey. Lastly, the . This will create a new empty database called mydatabase. # load the data into a Pandas DataFrame. Dec 27, 2023 · #programming #androidstudio #kotlin #sqlite👋 Do you want to learn how to export SQLite database to CSV or DB file in Android Studio?👉 In this video, I will A way do this without CSV or a 3rd party tool is to use the JSON1 extension of SQLite combined with the readfile extension that is provided in the sqlite3 CLI tool. Then select the CSV file where your data is stored. sqlite"), it prints FALSE. exe on Windows) that allows the user to manually enter and execute SQL statements against an SQLite database or against a ZIP archive. This creates a 0-byte database file which is totally valid for SQLite! Try opening it (see below). activity_my_database); listView = (ListView Mar 21, 2012 · I have an SQLite database file exported from Scraperwiki with . Navigate to app > java > your project’s package name > Right-click on it > New > Kotlin class and name it as DBHelper and add the below code to it. sqldf deletes any database it creates but sqldf never deletes the input file and never deletes databases it does not create. mode csv command sets the output mode to CSV. answered Sep 4, 2015 at 7:18. The first line in a valid CSV file either is a header row with the column names or it's just the first data row. csv t" Result on my SSD: 5. csv file. Once we execute the above statements Employee. To issue the output to a file, you use the . Feb 18, 2020 · The parameters get their values from each row in the DataSet, using the column headers as the key. sqlite"); string connectionString = "Data Source=MyDatabase. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> Mar 27, 2019 · According to the finds of Cgaters and the official documentation of SQLite: Use the ". csv') Here's the full code that creates your sqlite table with fake data: import pandas as pd. exe file exists with emp_master table data like shown following. var lines = File. Step 2: Prepare CSV File. We can do that with the following commands: Oct 30, 2014 · I have been trying to export the SQLite database column values to a log. answered May 30, 2016 at 3:47. Explore Teams Create a free Team. output stdout. Feb 17, 2016 · 112. here. csv', type. Just use an unused table-name during import and change the tsv file to: name param1 param2. mode csv sqlite> select * from t; 1,hello 2,world. Using glob, we’ll get a list of CSV file (s) in the directory. csv newtable. csv is a file I made in excel and saved as a . you can create OleDbConnection to CSV file (just google it, it is very easy) then load rows to DataSet, then put that dataset into Sqlite by SqliteConnection. sqlite. . Where database_name. import" command to import CSV (comma separated value) data into an SQLite table. There are several ways to dump data from an SQLite database to a CSV file. Follow the links above to find specific information for each. csv > all_combined. mode csv > . sql file. import --skip 1 mycsvtable. sqlite : Output of program (sample), how the database would look like I have added lots of comments in the code to make it easier to understand what Jul 25, 2014 · Theoretical speed limit with sqlite . By using the sqlite3 tool, we can interact with the SQLite database with SQL statements and dot-commands. Dec 2, 2010 · @xiaodai, sqldf does not delete the database or input file in the code above. db <<< ". sql文件：. open command. 32), and that the number of columns is the same. Jan 17, 2015 · Step 1: merge the multiple csv's into a single file. May 6, 2015 · I createed CSV file with name stats. relational database I need to import multiple csv files, over 100, into a sqlite database. NullPointerException on a row where rawQuery is executed. As mentioned at the end of my previous tutorial, Beginners Guide to SQLite, SQLite databases are most powerful when used along R and Python. I'm trying to set up a local environment to test and modify this red5 implementation. SQlite database programmatically convert into Excel file format in Android. SQLiteConnection. to_sql allows us to create tables into our sqlite database, tables can be newly created, appended, or overwritten. read_sql('SELECT * from cars', conn) df. IDE integration - edit . To import data into SQLite, use the . One way to build a database is to directly write SQL in the database command line interface. connect("brand_new_db. csv table1 SQLite3 will just treat the column names as a data row. Use any SQLLite manager (for example, phpLiteAdmin) to import data from CSV file to exist SQLLite table. npm add @cap-js/sqlite -D. You can easily delete old data and re-import new one in single execution: delete from your_table; select import ('path/to/file. open pvi. df = pd. csv', 'CSV', 'your_table', 'UTF-8'); Of course you need to adjust your parameters. json sample_data_single. read_csv('users. help" for usage hints. csv filehttps://github. db is replaced with your desired database name and file extension. sqlite" my_db <- src_sqlite(my_db_file, create = TRUE) When I do file. csv inside android stodio, and so I created 3 classes: first: private ListView listView; private ItemArrayAdapter itemArrayAdapter; @Override. Then we connect to our geeks database using the sqlite3. Specify the destination CSV file using . 导航到存储有. 1. Note that I use environment variables for the database access credentials. Start the sqlite3 program by typing "sqlite3" at Feb 2, 2024 · The . SQL file. I have a question regarding the best overall approach for importing CSV data into SQLite databases in Android. Using database command line interface. My Sample: SQLiteConnectio Sep 16, 2020 · Pandas makes it easy to load this CSV data into a sqlite table: import pandas as pd. dump command converts the entire structure and data of an SQLite database into a single text file. # create Pandas DataFrame. Read More → Jun 6, 2019 · if you use Sqlite to create database: Step 1: When you create database, you set a directory for it, you can use path_provider like this: so now you know what directory and path it is. csv" I'm sure im over looking something easy here. import" command takes two arguments which are the name of the disk file from which CSV data is to be read and the name of the SQLite table into which the CSV data is to be Jan 11, 2021 · This video will show you how to download and set up SQLite Studio and import your first database. The first row includes the attribute names and then the data. csv sample_data. /sqlite3. Sorted by: 4. This seems to work just fine for me (in sqlite3 version 3. You can save the data from a sqlite table to a Pandas DataFrame and then use Pandas to write the CSV file. All fields are of type TEXT. The third function, populate_table, takes a pandas data frame and populates the specified table in the database with that data. Also if you include a header row in your tsv file, you can let sqlite automatically create the table. db in the current directory. The file name is the file from which the data is read, the table name is the table that the data will be imported into. On Linux, MacOS, or WSL, open the terminal and touch a new database file to create it: touch finances. You might need to use a different extension depending on what Jan 25, 2024 · To create a new SQLite database, use the following command: Query:. How to read the CSV file. Step 2: Then use flutter_archive plugin to zip the file (This will zip the file in a directory, which is your db); Step 3: use flutter_email_sender to send it by Dec 29, 2022 · To include column names to your csv file you can do the following: sqlite> . onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R. exists("database. sql 是你要 Nov 8, 2017 · Click the green check button at the top to confirm table setup. The other values of CSV are ok, they are simple integers. execute('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS stocks_temp') con. It is the DBMS most widely deployed database in the world with a rough estimate of 500M installations. npm add @sap/cds-hana. You will see the Import dialog window. DB4S gives a familiar spreadsheet-like interface on the database in addition to providing a full SQL query facility. As also answered here export sqlite into csv and here Exporting SQLite Database to csv file in android and also here How to implement Export sqlite To excel/csv file in android? and many answers and solutions are available on The StackOverFlow. Save Excel file as CSV file. connect (‘database_name. Mar 29, 2012 · 1. sqlite;Version=3;"; SQLiteConnection m_dbConnection = new SQLiteConnection(connectionString); m_dbConnection. Jan 1, 2020 · First of all, I think I can't do this with a Bulk insert because I have to convert some values in the right object (first and second column of CSV in ONE datetime Object, add the last parameter from UserInput). Step 1 is. g. – Phantômaxx. com/N Now create the database by using the . The goal is to make a database out of a . Column names present in the first row of the CSV file will be used as column names for the created table. commit() Pandas. To fill data for Customer table, go to Data tab (right of Structure tab as current). super. You say that you "do not know where to start", but at least show that you could open a file and iterate through the lines of the CSV and that you can open the sqlite database connection. I would like to insert these bulk data into SQLite database within 10 -15 minutes. headers on. The sqlite3 command-line shell can create the table from the column headers. lang. Approach:At first, we import csv module (to work with csv file) and sqlite3 module (to populate the database table). sqlite ". This command accepts a file name, and a table name. csv aj_test" ajtest. db") and you are done. Copy file. Otherwise this is essentially asking for someone to write all Aug 28, 2023 · You need to navigate to the directory where your desired . permission. 8. So far I have come to a point where, file is exported however without any kind of data. A CSV-file is normally delimited by some kind of char (like , ), so you would simply read the file line by line (using BufferedReader or something) and then split the line-string up by using the split() -method. conn = sqlite3. $ tail -n +2 -q *. directly into temporary holding tables using dbWriteTable(). Can somebody please assist me on this matter. Jul 15, 2015 · I've created a very basic database and am trying to import data from a . import sqlite3. my_db_file <- "data/portal-database-output. If you cannot do those things, it is best to research those separately before asking about. pl/. ReadLines(textBox1. To go from SCRATCH with SQLite DB to importing the CSV into a table: Get SQLite from the website. SQL files right there inside VS2015. open mydatabase. The csv is basically like this: genre,singer,singer_email,enrol_datetime,Last booking made on Blues | Craig Phillip,craig@ To dump a database into a file, you use the . To verify the changes that you have made you can run this command: sqlite> . py and the csv file (ex. May 22, 2023 · how to import csv file in sqlite studioImport CSV to SQLiteHow to import a CSV file into SQLite Studioimport a CSV file into SQL Studio#sqlite Apr 17, 2017 · I am using this example to upload a csv file into a sqlite database: this is my code: from numpy import genfromtxt from time import time from datetime import datetime from sqlalchemy import Column, Mar 5, 2010 · 5. After the method is executed I recieve a java. db Jan 1, 2022 · I have a situation where I have CSV files with column names in the first row, which perfectly match the tables in my SQLite3 db, except they are in a different order. You can use . sqlite file extension. db 是你要导入文件的数据库文件名， file. output followed by the file name. header on command. If we want to append data though, the function won’t handle duplicate items when adding new rows by default. 8s. Android - Generate CSV file from table values 3 Answers. You can find it on all iOS and Android mobile devices and on Mac OS desktops. sqlite> select * from tbl1; sqlite> . So far in DataCamp, you have been exposed to how to operate with SQLite Jun 20, 2019 · The code below creates a database file and inserts a record into it: // this creates a zero-byte file. Using SAP HANA for production: sh. Feb 22, 2024 · While SQLite itself offers speed and flexibility, to fully leverage it for impactful R analytics you need a solid integration workflow. I was wondering if there's a way to get "database. If db_name. import command. rc = os. py is the most time-efficient method to create a SQLite database file from csv file right now. nyc311calls. In order to update the tables without Sep 18, 2013 · I am using SQLiteStudio (v2. So create database and use are implied by how you run sqlite3. In this case the database is not created by sqldf itself (its created by the backend SQLite via the attach statement - not by the front end May 30, 2016 · 0. db; That creates a new database file in the current directory Backup a Database. Apr 9, 2020 · When you connect to SQLite, you have the option of providing a database file name. Next up, let’s create our database! Simply type: . In general, all you need to do is to install one of the database packages, as follows: Using SQLite for development: sh. csv file will create in the folder where our SQLite3. The next step is to import the CSV file into the database. csv >> all_combined. we are using a csv file to import our data. 4. At this point, we create a cursor object to Sep 16, 2021 · Step 4: Creating a new class for SQLite operations. mode tabs. The above command will create a Database in the current working directory. By default, the . Just replace the datacolumn for your string item. Note: You can also directly add data from CSV file by clicking Tools menu > Click Import > Choose database and table > Set source type as CSV $ ls sample_data. Note the extension on the database name is . Common extensions are . system along the lines suggested by the following: import os. Use the ‘cd’ command followed by your specific path like so: cd /path_to_your_directory. import /path/to/test. ToList(); Jul 10, 2018 · DB build is automatically re-run during a solution build whenever any . sql. csv some_table' | sqlite3 db. This document provides a brief introduction on how to use the sqlite3 program. Import Raw Data – Ingest new raw CSVs, scraped datasets, SQL dumps etc. import --csv 10m. To create a new database with a specific encoding, open a SQLite connection to a blank file, run this pragma: PRAGMA encoding = "UTF-8"; And then create your database. import input. First let’s download and read in the csv files. Combine the -header and -csv options for a command-line export. etc) or would you use a SQL utility and import the file Apr 11, 2020 · An useful tool to make this repeatable task less clumsy is import () SQL function built in SQLiteStudio. output command and SELECT statement to export data from the required table. When 'send' is selected in MyActivity. database command to see a list of databases available. csv. The download link is https://SQLitestudio. I want to export certain result from DB in to excel file format programatically, want to store that excel to local device path I have come across following links . json $ sqlitebiter-o sample. The table must match your CSV fields for import. 1) Download a csv2sqlite. answered Dec 30, 2022 at 11:06. Stefano Verugi. 2) By using Windows Prompt, go to the directory containing the csv2sqlite. Then, it's no more a valid CSV file, if you add the table name. Step 2: Load the single merged csv into SQLite. The step it took was to use. First, we’ll need to create a connection to a database — for that, we’ll use SQLAlchemy. Consider the below Data in the CSV file which will be imported. db, this will create a new empty database called pvi. If you have a database and need a different encoding, then you need to create a new database with the new encoding, and Dec 15, 2014 · Why don't you take advantage of Sqlite's built-in command-line options to load CVS file to Sqlite database table? I assume you are writing bash shell script to load CSV files data to SQLite table. Exclude the header for most of them but write down the header from one of them in the beginning. Thanks for any help! (If you see any other changes that would be great because all I have been doing is using the Android Studio suggestions). Set the output mode to CSV with . Enter ". Then run the . Text); List<string> headerRow = lines. once to redirect the output to a file. Jul 12, 2015 · 1. import command: sqlite3 tmp. cmd = """sqlite3 database. output test. csv into the assets folder, and read it like this: To export db rather it is SQLITE or ROOM: Firstly, add this permission in AndroidManifest. 2) to create a database, when I tried to export my database after creating it and fill it with data I get strange error: can't read "tableDdl(part)": no such ele 要导入一个 . MyActivity. I think what is happening is the Fill() method of the OleDbDataAdapter, which fills the DataSet from the CSV file, is setting the RowState property to "Unchanged"; and then the Update() method of the SQLiteDataAdapter adapter doesn't execute the INSERT, because the DataRow is "Unchanged". Let’s recreate the mammals database that we’ve been working with, in R. Jul 13, 2021 · I was trying to create a database, and when I looked it up online, I found this tutorial. In the sqlite3 command-line shell, this is possible for single tables: sqlite> create table t (x,y); sqlite> insert into t values (1, 'hello'), (2, 'world'); sqlite> . The ". to_sql('users', conn, if_exists='append', index = False) The to_sql method makes it easy to write DataFrames to databases. Click the schema you wish to import data to, and choose Import From File… from the context menu. tsv people. import data_with_header. Syntax: sqlite3. system(cmd) Dec 9, 2018 · 0. May 3, 2022 · The SQLite is an embedded SQL database engine, developed by SQLite Consortium. There are many tutorials on the web. To import these modules, run the following code snippet −. com/import an excel file into sqliteImporting Files - SQLite Sqlite Database Editor and Excel . Assuming you don’t already have a database called pvi. answered Mar 5, 2010 at 11:00. what is the best way to create a table in the sqlite database with schema and data from the . Oct 23, 2017 · 5. Create a database using the SQL command in database/database. If the table doesn't exist, it will be May 20, 2018 · I have a csv file and am trying to create a sqlite database with that data. Make a new table in your new database. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {. We will go through the concepts step by step, progressing from basic to Nov 27, 2013 · as suggested above create a new table 'newtable' with the right types, then to import data from your 'mycsvtable. Jan 8, 2016 · In my opinion, to use csv2sqlite. This process is essential if you’re looking to create backups, manipulate data in spreadsheet software, or transfer data between different systems. I'm on Windows, so I'm on Cygwin, with sqlite3 and a few other things installed, so I figured I'd make a database out of that. Then, load CSV files to your table. Export (convert) Access table or query to Excel file 2. To export a SQLite database to a CSV file using the sqlite3 tool, first ensure headers are included by executing the . 运行以下命令导入. It creates the table some_table with field names taken from the first row of the data_with_header. I watched a tutorial and have entered the following code:. exe needs to be called to process each . 4 released! Mostly important bugfixes, but also few new things. connect() method. Split(','). Let the Absolute Location Dec 26, 2010 · You cannot change the encoding for an existing database. sqlite 'create table t(x integer)' time sqlite3 tmp. Aug 4, 2019 · product_data. If you want to create an SQL db with Python just for the sake of playing with both languages, you should try SQLite: import sqlite3. 1. sqlite3 database. ElementAt(0). sqlite" so I Dec 24, 2020 · SQLite Studio is an open source, compact, standard and easy to install cross-platform database management system. can i avoid writing the script for the CREATE table? Thank you in advance!! Jun 10, 2014 · Then, once you have a list of the column names you can iterate through them using a foreach loop and create the table in the same way you are doing in the above code. Step 4: Verifying the data In this project we are going to create a sqlite database using db browser for sqlite. For example: sqlite3 mydatabase. from existing csv files. May 24, 2022 · Code Breakdown. output or . csv) you want to Jun 28, 2024 · So far, we have used a previously prepared SQLite database. It’s good May 30, 2022 · Creating a SQLite database Using a *nix Terminal. sql 文件，我们可以使用 SQLite 的命令行工具，以下是导入步骤：. To send data to CSV file we used . sqlt exists then it will be used, if it doesn't exist then it will be created. csv mytable" """. csv file that will contain all the records of Apr 16, 2024 · The SQLite project provides a simple command-line program named sqlite3 (or sqlite3. Apr 7, 2017 · dbCol0 etc are the column-names of the database, e. Dec 4, 2020 · A database can be added (created) in the SQLite Studio in three ways, first is through the Database menu ( Database > Add a database ), second by using the shortcut key Ctrl + O keys, and third by clicking the “Add a database” icon on the toolbar, on doing so the Database dialog is presented to the user. Just so see how far off we are due to Python, assuming that nothing can beat the more native . import. sqlt < your_sql. Jan 31, 2019 · DB Browser for SQLite (DB4S) is a high quality, visual, open source tool designed for people who want to create, search, and edit SQLite database files. 其中， database. csv') # write the data to a sqlite table. 181 1 7. But we can also use R to create a new database, e. csv my_table command imports all the data in the data. sqlite, . Open(); For more SQLite Tutorials Visit - http://sqlitetutorials. This article provides the basics needed to effectively use SQLite in any database environment. db. (Note, the path to your database might be different. users. In addition, we also use the `csv` module to read the data from the CSV files. To create a database in SQLite, open a terminal and run: You should see the prompt, this time without a warning about being connected to an in-memory database. Not sure what files you need to see but here are a few. The output database file is deposited in the Debug\bin folder (or Release Apr 6, 2023 · Create, edit, browse SQLite databases. output FILENAME command. 打开终端或命令提示符窗口。. csv Oct 6, 2022 · In this article, we are going to discuss how to import a CSV file content into an SQLite database table using Python. read_csv (‘file_name. kt file. If such a file exists, it will be opened, if not, a new database file will be created with that name. db , . You do this by the SQL command: CREATE TABLE <table_Name> (<field Jul 31, 2019 · 1. exe Database. To create a new table in SQLite, you use CREATE TABLE statement using the following syntax: column_1 data_type PRIMARY KEY , column_2 data_type NOT NULL , column_3 data_type DEFAULT 0 , table_constraints. DataFrame. mb st uq dm ti fy vr qh rh pp